如果❤️我的文章有帮助，欢迎点赞、关注。这是对我继续技术创作最大的鼓励。更多往期文章在我的个人博客
基于 ab 或 wrk的样例测试
- apache 自带 ad
- wrk 需要github 安装：https://github.com/wg/wrk
ab默认短链接，wrk默认长连接
ab
ab 全称 apache bench。
使用ab命令时，它会创建多个并发访问线程，模拟多个用户 同时 对一链接地址发起请求。由于是对链接地址（URL）为目标进行测试，所以它可以用来测试apache、nginx、tomcat、IIS等等Web服务器的负载压力。
ab命令对 发起请求端 负载很低，不会占用太多的CPU、内存资源；但对压测服务器会造成巨大负载，其原理类似CC网络攻击。
个人做测试的时候尤其需要注意：压测的目标是为了找出压测服务器的负载上限、性能瓶颈（以资源消耗70%为基准）；
而不是盲目发起过多请求，消耗目标表服务器资源甚至宕机。这属于故意破坏他人计算机系统，严重情况下目标服务器公司会根据请求日志进行追责。
安装
命令 ab 为 apache 服务器自带工具。如果不想安装 apache 又要使用命令 ab，可以支架安装 apache 工具包 httpd-tools：
yum -y install httpd-tools
ab 命令说明
ab: wrong number of arguments
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
-n requests 总共测试多少请求
-c concurrency 并发请求数量
-t timelimit 测试进行时间（秒）。默认：无时间限制下，进行 5w 请求
-s timeout 每个请求等待响应时间，默认：30秒
-b windowsize TCP 发送/接收 缓存区尺寸（bytes）
-B address Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
-p postfile File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
-u putfile File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
-T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
Default is 'text/plain'
-v verbosity How much troubleshooting info to print
-w Print out results in HTML tables
-i Use HEAD instead of GET
-x attributes String to insert as table attributes
-y attributes String to insert as tr attributes
-z attributes String to insert as td or th attributes
-C attribute Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
-H attribute Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
-A attribute Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-P attribute Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-X proxy:port Proxyserver and port number to use
-V Print version number and exit
-k Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
-d Do not show percentiles served table.
-S Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
-q Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
-l Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
-g filename Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
-e filename Output CSV file with percentages served
-r Don't exit on socket receive errors.
-m method Method name
-h Display usage information (this message)
-I Disable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension
-Z ciphersuite Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
-f protocol Specify SSL/TLS protocol
(SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)
测试例子
ab -n10000 -c10 http://localhost:8080/index
Server Software:
Server Hostname: localhost
Server Port: 8080
Document Path: /index
Document Length: 4866 bytes
Concurrency Level: 10
Time taken for tests: 13.309 seconds
Complete requests: 10000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 49620000 bytes
HTML transferred: 48660000 bytes
Requests per second: 751.37 [#/sec] - qps -每秒响应请求数
Time per request: 13.309 [ms] (mean) - 每个请求耗时
Time per request: 1.331 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 3640.93 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.1 0 8
Processing: 3 13 8.3 13 280
Waiting: 2 13 8.3 13 280
Total: 3 13 8.3 13 280
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 13
66% 13
75% 13
80% 14
90% 14
95% 15
98% 15
99% 16
100% 280 (longest request)
wrk
wrk is a modern HTTP benchmarking tool capable of generating significant load when run on a single multi-core CPU. It combines a multithreaded design with scalable event notification systems such as epoll and kqueue. – https://github.com/wg/wrk
和 上述 ab 相似，不同地方在于 wrk 在单机多核 CPU 环境下，能够使用系统自带高性能 I/O 机制：epoll(linux)，kqueue(mac)，通过多线程和事件模式更少的线程就制造出更大的并发。
wrk 安装
mac：brew install wrk
linux:
git clone https://github.com/wg/wrk.git
cd wrk && make
ln -s [wrk安装路径]/wrk /usr/local/bin # 在任何路径直接使用wrk
Usage: wrk <options> <url>
Options:
-c, --connections <N> 并发量
-d, --duration <T> 压测时间
-t, --threads <N> 开多少线程压测
-s, --script <S> 指定Lua脚本路径
-H, --header <H> 为每一个HTTP请求添加HTTP头
--latency 在压测结束后，打印延迟统计信息
--timeout <T> 超时时间
-v, --version 打印正在使用的wrk的详细版本信息
Numeric arguments may include a SI unit (1k, 1M, 1G)
Time arguments may include a time unit (2s, 2m, 2h)
测试例子
wrk -c10 -t10 -d5 http://localhost:8080/index
$ wrk -c10 -t10 -d5 http://localhost:8080/index
Running 5s test @ http://localhost:8080/index 压测时间5s
10 threads and 10 connections 10个测试线程，10个连接
Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max +/- Stdev
Latency 12.79ms 1.19ms 21.37ms 77.94% 延迟
Req/Sec 78.18 5.42 90.00 72.60% 每秒请求数
3922 requests in 5.03s, 18.76MB read 5.03s内处理3922请求，耗费流量73.86MB
Requests/sec: 779.06 - qps -每秒响应请求数
Transfer/sec: 3.73MB - 每秒流量
